Antibodies are unique in their high affinity and specificity for a binding partner, a quality that has made them one of the most useful molecules for biotechnology and biomedical applications. The field of Antibody Engineering has changed rapidly in the past 10 years, fueled by Engineering bi-specific antibodies, Phage and Yeast Display of Antibodies, Bi specific antibodies & combination therapy and Antibodies for cancer therapy. Whereas human antibody gene libraries and synthetic antibody libraries are also prominent subject in Antibody Engineering. There are almost 4000+ people from 75 universities in USA working for Antibody Engineering.

Enzyme Engineering is the application genetic engineering techniques to enzyme technology. There are a number of properties which may be improved or altered by genetic engineering including the yield and kinetics of the enzyme, Structure of the enzymes, De novo design, Intersection of protein engineering and next-generation sequencing, Rational alteration of enzyme function, Combinatorial Enzyme Engineering and Enzyme and biosensor Engineering. There are almost 4000+ people from 75 universities in USA working for Enzyme Engineering.

There are lot of applications used for protein but mainly we are having good research and number of companies and projects for the following applications Protein modification, targeting and degradation, Protein identification and validation, Protein profiling studies in diabetes, Imaging mass spectrometry and profiling of tissue sections, Designer proteins and Protein Dietary Supplements. This market is $56 billion in 2012 to $168 billion in 2017, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9% from 2012 through 2017. There are almost 3000 people from 60-65 universities in USA working for Protein Engineering.

Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. The structure and function of proteins includes Function prediction methods, Homology and Structure based methods, Genomic context-based methods, Protein Storage and Plasmid Construction, Mutagenesis Experiments to test protein stability/function and Protein structure modeling. This market is $56 billion in 2012 to $168 billions in 2017, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9% from 2012 through 2017.

Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics is the study of the role of genetics in drug response and provided DNA for genomes. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by Protein aggregation and stability in biopharmaceuticals, New discoveries in genomic targets, Various drug responses due to genetic polymorphisms, Drug dosage formulations, Drug safety and its efficacy and Membrane transport proteins. There are almost 3000 people from 60-65 universities in USA working for Proteomics. The NIH Pharmacogenomics Research Network (PGRN) is a network of scientists funding to PharmGKB since 2000.

Proteomics is an emerging field that has been highly enabled by the human genome project. Proteins are the products of genes, the machinery of the cells in our bodies. Protein mass spectrometry refers to the application of mass spectrometry to the study of proteins. Mass spectrometry is an important emerging method for the characterization of proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis can be used to create cellular protein maps which give a quantitative and qualitative picture of the proteome. Mass spectrometry is the method of choice for the rapid large-scale identification of these proteomes and their modifications. Proteogenomics uses mass spectrometry data to experimentally validate gene products and to assist in the process of genome annotation and comparison. There are almost 3000 people from 60-65 universities in USA working for Proteomics. Research Awards in the amount of $35,000 each are presented annually. Two awards are fully sponsored by Thermo Scientific and Waters Corporation.

Protein Expression consists of the stages after DNA has been transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA) from the process of Optimizing protein expression, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic systems, Cell line & cell culture development, Fusion protein therapeutics and Protein microarray studies. Recombinant production of proteins is one of the most powerful techniques used in the Life Sciences. There are almost 3000 people from 60-65 universities in USA working for Protein Expression. The Oxford Protein Production Facility-UK (OPPF-UK) is a UK core facility for protein production located in the Research Complex at Harwell. The project has recently received further funding of £2.3M from the MRC to provide a range of highly specialized technologies incorporating robotic systems, for the high throughput expression, purification and crystallization of recombinant proteins.

Molecular Interaction holds atoms together within molecules. While Molecular docking and computational evolutionary biology is the latest research and also involves the Applications of genomics, Genome analysis, Machine learning in molecular systems biology, Current challenges in modeling cellular metabolism and Directed Evolution Strategy for the latest research with new technologies. A UNL research team led by evolutionary geneticist Jay Storz has received a $1.4 million grant from the National Institutes of Health for continued research into mechanisms of protein evolution.